Master10
Government Schemes & Programmes Module

Health, Sanitation & Housing Schemes

Flagship public health, sanitation, piped water, and affordable housing initiatives aim to improve basic living standards across urban and rural India. Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), launched in September 2018, is the world's largest government-funded health assurance scheme, offering ₹5 lakh health cover per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalization. Complementary missions include the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) for universal sanitation, the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) delivering Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC) to rural homes, and the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) providing pucca housing with basic amenities.

Key Concepts & Examination Highlights

  • Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY was launched on September 23, 2018, from Ranchi, Jharkhand, providing ₹5 lakh health coverage per family per year to over 12 crore vulnerable families.
  • Swachh Bharat Mission was launched on October 2, 2014, with the objective of achieving an Open Defecation Free (ODF) India by October 2, 2019, commemorating the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
  • Jal Jeevan Mission, announced on August 15, 2019, under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, aims to supply 55 litres of potable water per capita per day to every rural household by Functional Household Tap Connections.
  • Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY-Urban and PMAY-Gramin) provides central financial assistance for constructing pucca houses equipped with electricity, LPG, and toilet facilities.
  • PMJAY is the world's largest government-funded healthcare assurance scheme, administered nationally by the National Health Authority (NHA).
  • Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres (AB-HWCs), rebranded as Ayushman Arogya Mandirs, deliver comprehensive primary healthcare services and free essential drugs.
  • Mission Indradhanush was launched in December 2014 to ensure full immunization coverage for all children under 2 years and pregnant women against vaccine-preventable diseases.
  • Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) provides quality generic medicines at affordable prices through dedicated Kendras managed by PMBI.
  • Under PMAY-Gramin, minimum unit assistance is Rs 1.20 lakh in plain areas and Rs 1.30 lakh in hilly and difficult terrains, shared between Centre and States.
  • Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin Phase II (2020–2025) focuses on sustaining ODF status and implementing solid and liquid waste management (ODF Plus).
  • The PM-ABHIM (PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission), launched in October 2021, focuses on developing critical healthcare infrastructure and pandemic preparedness networks.
  • The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) was launched in September 2021 to create a national digital health ecosystem, including Ayushman Bharat Health Accounts (ABHA numbers).
  • The Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM) was launched in October 2021 to strengthen grassroots public health laboratories and critical care hospital blocks.
  • The National Health Mission (NHM) encompasses two sub-missions: the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM, launched in 2005) and the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM, launched in 2013).
  • The Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) provides quality generic medicines at affordable prices through dedicated Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Kendras.
  • The National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) aims to eliminate tuberculosis in India by 2025, five years ahead of the global SDG target of 2030, supported by the Ni-kshay Mitra initiative.
  • The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) provides free, comprehensive antenatal check-ups to pregnant women on the 9th day of every month across designated public health facilities.
  • The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention under the NHM that promotes institutional delivery among poor pregnant women through direct cash transfers.
  • The Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) guarantees completely free deliveries, C-sections, transport, and treatment for sick newborns up to one year in public health institutions.
  • The Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban 2.0 was launched in October 2021 to make all Indian cities 'Garbage Free' and achieve complete remediation of legacy dumpsites.
  • The Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) was launched in June 2015 to establish universal tap water coverage and sewage management across 500 select cities.
  • The PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan was launched in October 2021 to provide multi-modal connectivity infrastructure across railways, highways, ports, and airports.
  • The Smart Cities Mission was launched in June 2015 to promote 100 sustainable and citizen-friendly cities with core infrastructure and integrated command and control centres.
  • The National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission was launched in July 2023 at Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh, targeting elimination of sickle cell disease by 2047.
  • The PM-JANMAN (Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan) was launched in November 2023 with an outlay of ₹24,000 crore to saturate housing, water, and health for 75 PVTGs.
  • Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), launched on September 23, 2018, in Ranchi, provides cashless health coverage of up to Rs 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization.
  • The AB-PMJAY scheme is the world's largest government-funded health assurance scheme, covering over 12 crore vulnerable and low-income families identified via SECC data.
  • Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (formerly Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres) deliver Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) including essential free drugs and diagnostic services at the community level.
  • The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), rolled out nationwide in September 2021, creates a digital health ecosystem including the 14-digit Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) number.
  • The Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM), launched in October 2021, builds long-term biosecurity, urban health centres, and critical care hospital blocks in all districts.
  • Mission Indradhanush, launched in December 2014, targets full immunization for children under 2 years and pregnant women against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases under the Universal Immunization Programme.
  • Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI 5.0) focuses on closing immunization gaps with special emphasis on Measles and Rubella elimination campaigns.
  • Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP), implemented by the Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Bureau of India (PMBI), provides quality generic medicines at 50 to 90 percent lower prices.
  • The National Health Mission (NHM), encompassing the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM, 2005) and National Urban Health Mission (NUHM, 2013), supports states in strengthening public healthcare infrastructure.
  • The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY), launched in 2003, corrects regional imbalances in tertiary healthcare through the establishment of new AIIMS institutions and upgradation of government medical colleges.
  • The Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin (SBM-G), launched on October 2, 2014, achieved open defecation free (ODF) status for rural India by October 2, 2019, through the construction of over 10 crore household toilets.
  • Swachh Bharat Mission Phase II (2020-2025) focuses on sustaining ODF status and achieving ODF Plus through solid and liquid waste management (SLWM) in every village.
  • Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban 2.0 (SBM-U 2.0), launched in October 2021, aims to make all Indian cities 'Garbage Free' and remediate legacy dumpsites across the country.
  • The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), announced on August 15, 2019, aims to provide functional household tap connections (FHTC) with 'Har Ghar Jal' supplying 55 litres of potable water per capita per day to all rural households.
  • Goa became the first state in India to achieve 100 percent Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) coverage under the Jal Jeevan Mission.
  • Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Gramin (PMAY-G), revamped in November 2016, provides financial assistance of Rs 1.20 lakh in plain areas and Rs 1.30 lakh in hilly/difficult areas for pucca house construction.
  • Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U), launched on June 25, 2015, provides central assistance for housing across four verticals: In-Situ Slum Redevelopment, Credit Linked Subsidy, Affordable Housing in Partnership, and Beneficiary-Led Construction.
  • Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), launched on May 1, 2016, in Ballia (UP) with the slogan 'Swachh Indhan, Behtar Jeevan', provides deposit-free LPG connections to women from BPL households.
  • Ujjwala 2.0, launched in August 2021 from Mahoba (UP), provides additional LPG connections with first refill and hotplate free of cost to migrant families without ration card requirements.
  • The POSHAN Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission), launched on International Women's Day in March 2018 in Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), targets reduction in stunting, wasting, anaemia, and low birth weight.
  • Poshan 2.0 merges the Supplementary Nutrition Programme and POSHAN Abhiyaan to address malnutrition challenges through convergent nutrition delivery frameworks.
  • Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), a direct benefit cash transfer maternity benefit scheme under Section 4 of the NFSA 2013, provides Rs 5,000 for the first child and Rs 6,000 for a second girl child.
  • The National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) targets eliminating TB in India by 2025, five years ahead of the global Sustainable Development Goal target of 2030.
  • The Nikshay Poshan Yojana provides direct monthly financial assistance of Rs 500 into the bank accounts of all notified TB patients for nutritional support during treatment.
  • The NAMASTE Scheme (National Action for Mechanised Sanitation Ecosystem) eliminates unsafe manual sewer entry by providing mechanized sanitation gear, training, and capital subsidies to sanitation workers.
Curriculum & Reference Sources: National Health Authority (NHA), Ministry of Jal Shakti, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, and Ministry of Rural Development.

Sample Solved Questions & Concept Explanations

8 Verified Concept Questions
Q1.EASY

On which historic date was the Swachh Bharat Mission officially launched across India to achieve universal sanitation coverage?

Q2.EASY

Under the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), what daily quantity of potable piped water is targeted for supply per person in rural households?

Q3.EASY

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) provides deposit-free connections for which essential domestic utility to women from below-poverty-line households?

Q4.EASY

Under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Gramin (PMAY-G), what financial assistance is provided per unit for house construction in plain areas?

Q5.MEDIUM

Under the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), what is the total cash incentive provided to pregnant women and lactating mothers for their first living child?

Q6.MEDIUM

On which fixed day of every month are free, comprehensive antenatal check-ups provided to pregnant women under the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)?

Q7.MEDIUM

From which city and state was Ujjwala 2.0 (Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana Phase II) formally launched in August 2021?

Q8.HARD

Which apex autonomous statutory body administers and implements the Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY and Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)?