Key Concepts & Self-Assessment15 Key Facts
Review key Election Commission of India & Electoral Process exam facts and rate your mastery to track revision.
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#1
Article 324 vests the superintendence, direction, and control of elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, and the offices of President and Vice-President in the Election Commission of India.
#2
The Commission operates as a three-member body comprising one Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners, each serving a term of 6 years or until age 65.
#3
The Chief Election Commissioner can only be removed from office in like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court under Article 324(5).
#4
Statutory provisions governing electoral qualifications, delimitation of constituencies, and corrupt electoral practices are codified in the Representation of the People Acts of 1950 and 1951.
#5
The Model Code of Conduct (MCC) comes into immediate operational effect upon the formal announcement of election dates by the ECI to ensure a level playing field among candidates and political parties.
#6
Sukumar Sen served as the first Chief Election Commissioner of India, supervising the first two general elections of 1951–52 and 1957.
#7
V.S. Ramadevi served as the first and only woman Chief Election Commissioner of India, holding office briefly in November–December 1990.
#8
The Election Commission of India operated as a single-member body until October 1989, and was permanently converted into a three-member body on October 1, 1993.
#9
Under the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners Act, 2023, commissioners are appointed by the President upon recommendation of a selection committee comprising the PM, a Union Minister, and the Leader of the Opposition.
#10
Electronic Voting Machines were first deployed experimentally in 50 polling stations in the Paravur Assembly constituency of Kerala in May 1982.
#11
Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail was first introduced in the Noksen Assembly constituency of Nagaland in September 2013 to verify electronic ballots.
#12
The Supreme Court in Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India (2002) mandated that electoral candidates disclose their criminal records, assets, and liabilities.
#13
The None of the Above option was introduced on ballot papers and EVMs following the landmark People's Union for Civil Liberties Supreme Court judgment in September 2013.
#14
Section 29A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 governs the mandatory registration of political associations and parties with the Election Commission of India.
#15
In February 2024, a five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court declared the Electoral Bond Scheme unconstitutional for violating voters' right to information under Article 19(1)(a).
Subject Specialist Commentary
Analytical perspective & practical exam advice from the Master10 academic board
The Election Commission of India is a permanent constitutional body established under Article 324 to conduct free elections for Parliament, State Legislatures, and the President and Vice-President. Since 1993, it operates as a three-member body comprising one Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners serving six-year terms or until age 65. The Model Code of Conduct takes effect immediately once poll dates are announced, ensuring fair competition among all political parties.
Competitive exam questions in UPSC and SSC often test removal procedures and electoral reforms. Remember that the Chief Election Commissioner can only be removed like a Supreme Court judge, while other commissioners can be removed on the Chief's recommendation. A common test trap confuses parliamentary elections with panchayat elections, which are conducted separately by State Election Commissions. For quick revision, note that Sukumar Sen was the first CEC, and EVMs debuted experimentally in Kerala in 1982.
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