Key Concepts & Self-Assessment15 Key Facts
Review key Delhi Sultanate: Mamluk, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid & Lodi Dynasties exam facts and rate your mastery to track revision.
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#1
Iltutmish consolidated Mamluk rule by organizing the Turkan-i-Chahalgani, standardizing currency (Tanka and Jital), and establishing the Iqta system.
#2
Balban reinforced royal prestige and centralized monarchy through strict court ceremonialism (Sijda and Paibos) and a blood-and-iron policy.
#3
Alauddin Khilji instituted direct market controls (Shahna-i-Mandi), Dagh (horse branding), Chehra (soldier rolls), and agrarian measurement reforms.
#4
Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced token brass-copper currency, shifted the imperial capital to Daulatabad, and founded Diwan-i-Kohi.
#5
The Delhi Sultanate ended in 1526 CE following Babur's victory over Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat.
#6
Qutb-ud-din Aibak founded the Mamluk dynasty in 1206 CE, ruled from Lahore, earned the epithet Lakhbaksh for generosity, and died playing Chaugan (polo) in 1210.
#7
Raziya Sultan, ascending the throne in 1236 CE as the daughter of Iltutmish, became the first and only woman sovereign to rule the Delhi Sultanate.
#8
Alauddin Khilji's southern military expeditions were commanded by Malik Kafur, who defeated the Yadavas of Devagiri, Kakatiyas of Warangal, and Hoysalas of Dvarasamudra.
#9
Alauddin Khilji introduced the Diwan-i-Mustakhraj to recover tax arrears and levied Gharai (house tax) and Charai (grazing tax) on agrarian households.
#10
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founded the Tughlaq dynasty in 1320 CE, constructed the fortified city of Tughlaqabad, and launched canal irrigation infrastructure.
#11
Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta visited India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq's reign (1333–1342 CE), serving as the Chief Qazi of Delhi and authoring the Rihla.
#12
Firoz Shah Tughlaq established charitable hospitals (Dar-ul-Shafa), an employment bureau, the Diwan-i-Khairat for poor relief, and the slave department Diwan-i-Bandagan.
#13
Firoz Shah Tughlaq levied Haq-i-Sharb (irrigation tax at 10% of produce) on lands served by royal canals and imposed Jizya as an independent tax on non-Muslims.
#14
Timur invaded Delhi in 1398 CE during the reign of Nasiruddin Mahmud Tughlaq, sacking the capital and paving the way for Khizr Khan to establish the Sayyid Dynasty.
#15
Bahlul Lodi established the first Afghan dynasty in Delhi in 1451 CE, maintaining an egalitarian relationship with Afghan nobles who sat on carpets together.
Subject Specialist Commentary
Analytical perspective & practical exam advice from the Master10 academic board
From 1206 to 1526, five successive dynasties ruled northern India from Delhi, introducing fresh administrative and military methods. Iltutmish organized land grants under the Iqta system and introduced standard silver Tankas. Later, Alauddin Khilji fixed market prices to sustain a massive standing army, while Muhammad bin Tughlaq experimented boldly with copper token money and agricultural loans. This era transformed regional trade and urban culture before Babur's arrival at Panipat.
When preparing for SSC and State PSC papers, direct factual match questions are extremely common. Memorize departmental names: Diwan-i-Kohi was Muhammad bin Tughlaq's agricultural department, Diwan-i-Mustakhraj was Alauddin Khilji's revenue arrears bureau, and Diwan-i-Bandagan was Firoz Shah Tughlaq's slave wing. A regular prelims trap tests ruler chronologies or coins: remember that Iltutmish introduced the silver Tanka and copper Jital, whereas Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced the failed brass and copper token currency.
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